Sections 23 and 24 of the Trademarks Act 2019 set out important absolute and relative grounds for refusal. Absolute grounds include issues such as lack of distinctive character or descriptive matter. Relative grounds concern conflicts with earlier trademarks or earlier rights.
Absolute grounds — section 23
A mark may be refused if it is not capable of distinguishing one undertaking from another, is devoid of distinctive character, is descriptive, has become customary, or falls within other prohibited grounds set out in section 23.
Relative grounds — section 24
A mark may be refused where it is identical or similar to an earlier trademark and the goods or services are identical or similar in circumstances that create the relevant statutory conflict or likelihood of confusion.
How should an objection be handled?
The response should be based on the actual ground raised, the wording of the application, the mark, the relevant goods or services and the supporting facts. Some matters may require clarification, limitation, submissions or other appropriate procedural steps.